Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Euphoria Case Study Essay
Human life as we know has been proven better with a scientific discovery created through the efforts of Pseudoscience Research Inc. (PRI), a conglomerate pharmaceutical corporation responsible for other life-changing advances in modern biological science and technology today. This new discovery is guaranteed to improve the quality of life for most people and would eventually establish a harmonious society human beings aspire for since time immemorial.            In a lavish ceremony held at the offices of PRI, the miracle drug was unveiled to wide public acclaim. It was described as one of the most innovative and promising invention of the 22nd century. The drug ‘Euphoria‘ is generally regarded as the most effective and best-selling drug since viagra hit the stores. Euphoria comes from the Greek word euphoros meaning healthy. As what its name espouses, Euphoria aims to improve the lives of the majority of people who live life in constant depression, poverty, and hunger by inducing natural happiness and elation. Indeed, Euphoria changes everything.            As a response to the growing demand in society, PRI started to conduct research on a drug that may well be the biological ubermensch of the masses in order to rid of constant financial, social, and personal problems that the individual has to experience on a daily basis. On July 14, 1971, PRI jumpstarted the research on a new medicine that will biologically eliminate problems and hardships of an individual by developing a pill concentrated with endorphins and other happiness-inducing chemicals that will harmlessly alter the genetic code of the person as well as increase the normal endorphin count of the normal human body. Thus, Euphoria was born. Since the drug’s invention, it has been tested on human subjects to adhere to the pre-existing laws on animal welfare in lieu with testing. During the early 90’s, PRI was threatened with bankruptcy as the company was openly criticized for making an amoral and immoral drug simultaneously. Mostly pro-life groups rejected the idea of the drug, as it did not value human life while intellectuals criticized it as something that is ‘atrocious’ since it takes out ‘choice’ of a person to be miserable. But it was a famous Hollywood actress who supported the drug and brought PRI into the A-list of corporations in the world today. The three-time Oscar winner actress argued publicly that the drug has helped her made her career and improved her way of life ever since. Consequently, PRI sales on Euphoria went up by 50% in just a year and soon the company made a name for itself as one of the leading brands in healthcare in 2004. Today, Euphoria has replaced painkillers, anti-depressants, and other small-time antibiotics since it completely prevents the user from getting sick. It has been proven effective with absolutely no side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, stomach pains, chest pains, headaches, fever, and death. Since its invention, the drug has been widely-used by the public and from substantial surveys conducted by PRI itself, it has been revealed that almost 95.457% of the population take the drug as an answer to the problems since there are no other drugs that will enable them to be happy and successful. In addition, that percentage also proves the drug’s popularity and effectiveness, as it won numerous awards including the Discovery of the Year recognition from Time Magazine. In 2008, the drug established the name of PRI, becoming the world’s foremost conglomerate in medicinal development. Humble Beginnings            The credit with the creation of the phenomenal drug goes to Dr. William Falsetto, a Harvard medicine graduate, who got the sudden inspiration of creating Euphoria during a friendly banter over a couple of beers when his colleague suggested him to create a drug that has a natural ‘high’ without the side effects rival to that of viagra and morphine. Because of his background as a distinguished alumnus of one of the top universities in the world, his credibility follows with his invention and therefore the drug’s eventual success. [1]            He based his assumptions from an empirical laboratory experiment wherein he carefully tested the number of endorphins that the human body produces at a normal rate. After determining such, he further experimented on the subject with three substantive theories. First is to determine the amount of endorphins that a normal body produces when exercising. In a result published in the PRI research journal from 1991, Falsetto concluded that the body gives off 86% more endorphins that stimulate happiness and elation.[2] However, he debunked his theory stating that exercising is not an activity done by majority of the masses and would therefore cause a low selling and marketing rate. The second theory was to determine the amount of endorphins when eating large amounts of chocolate. The result was also promising but Falsetto soon discovered that chocolate-induced happiness is followed by undesirable side-effects such as diabetes and fluctuating sugar levels of the body. The last theory proved to be the most effective as Falsetto discovered that endorphins could be extracted as a solid powder form and could be placed in regular tablets sold. The formula is of course under strict protection of the PRI, NSA, CIA, FBI, EUROPOL and the United Nations, but Falsetto disclosed in a press interview when the drug reached its 10th year of success that it contains naturally-produced endorphins that add to the natural threshold of the human body and it increases happiness that in turn causes motivation, energy, and a positivist attitude. He boldly added that the drug can replace viagra since it also increases the sexual drive of the human body. Because of his background as a Harvard graduate, the credibility of the drug was never compromised when it went on sale since 1995.[3]            In relation with the drug’s almost monumental failure, the Hollywood actress who still refuses to reveal her identity said that it almost saved her life and career. Since then, PRI inaugurated the celebrated actress as one of the chairpersons of the company and eventually her ascension as the CEO of the company. Her statement reached almost the entirety of Hollywood’s ‘royalty’ and soon, millions of people were convinced of Euphoria. Heads of State and royal families soon followed suit, stating the drug’s effectivity and rationality over decision-making, political relationships, and terrorist negotiations. The drug also replaced the harmful and illegal drugs such as cocaine and marijuana since Euphoria induced a natural high without the hallucinogens found in the illegal drugs.            In 2001, 92% of the world population agreed on the use of Euphoria and consequently stamped out the drug’s immoral and unethical issues regarding its use and nature. The test subjects widely accepted the drug[4] since the drug contains natural endorphins, and it follows that it marginally increases elation and happiness feeling for the person. Since happiness and elation are important for personal motivation, the drug then helps in changing the mood of the person as well as affecting change with regards to eating habits and behavior. Also, work production has also been increased since employees are now ‘very happy’ with their work. Euphoria also replaces viagra as a safe alternative since the drug is naturally produced. With health issues, endorphins also increase the white blood count of the body and therefore prevent the body from acquiring diseases.[5] Majority of the people agree on the drug since it is right for the body and life as well as the right thing to do. Its moral issues were disproved since there are no deaths or accidents that are linked to the drug.[6]            In 1992, there was a worldwide appeal to governments that the standard of living for most of the countries is declining because of unemployment and poverty. However, as soon as Euphoria was introduced to the world, many agree that the drug has saved many lives. It is noteworthy to mention that in one of the political debates in the UN meeting of 2007, the assembly concluded that the quality of life is steadily declining and if the case is not addressed, more human lives are at stake. Either the drug should be globally legalized or the world would continue to degrade in terms of living standards and health issues. Naturally, the drug was finally given worldwide approval during September of that year, and since then, it has been proven effective.[7] However, several pharmaceutical companies rejected the claim of Euphoria to be a universal solution for biological problems. The case went to court, but it was easily dismissed by the ruling that there were no substantive claims to prove that the drug was indeed ineffective. Consequently, it also proved to be the turning point for major and minor drug companies as PRI bought the companies and formed into a multi-national biological research company.[8] Furthermore, since there are contentions with regards the effects of the medicine, it has concluded that the medicine’s claims are true. Mr. Falsetto received the Nobel Peace prize for Medicine and named one of the 22nd century’s greatest thinkers.[9]            Because of Euphoria’s discovery and monumental success, it has been regarded as the drug that saved the world from misery and caused much development in the quality of living for the whole world. There are no more wars, political maneuvering, strife, poverty, and colds. The global quality of life has improved, notable through the many recent milestones in human history such as excessive singing, the development of the cure against AIDS and HIV, and a harmonious societal structure where there is no class struggle and alienation since everybody is equally happy. Thanks to Dr. Willam Falsetoo, the world is now a better place.[10] [1]   Ad Hominem (Argument to the Man) [2]   Error of Fact [3]   Weak Analogy [4]   Ad Populum (Appeal to the Masses) [5]   Hasty Generalization [6]   Equivocation [7]   False Dichotomy [8]   Appeal to Ignorance [9]   Burden of Proof [10] Post Hoc (False Cause)
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
How to Change a Flat Tire
You can easily get sucker into paying more than fifty dollars for having a towing company change flat tire for you. Instead, you can save yourself money by doing it yourself. It is a simple process that takes less than half an hour. Most of the tools you need are already in your car. These tools include a Jack, a tire iron, a spare tire, and road flares. The first step is to set up the road flares. Flares are available at most department stores and are a very good idea to carry. Setting flares makes the car more visible, decreasing the chance of an accident while you are changing the tire. To properly set flares, you should have four of them. Take each flare and light it, following the directions on the package. After you light them, lay them on the ground in the following pattern. Lay the first one about fifty feet behind your car, and about four feet from the white line on the side of the road. Set the rest of the flares in a straight line, with the last one being about three feet from the driver’s side rear corner of your car on the white line. This will allow other drivers to see that there is an emergency, and allow them time to merge. The next step is to begin the tire change. To do this you must take the rest of the tools out of your car. The tire iron is probably in the trunk along with the spare tire. The car jack might be in the trunk, or it might be under the hood next to the engine. It depends on what type of car you have. Once you have all of the tools out, find the tire iron. The tire iron in most vehicles is a bent piece of steel flattened on one end, with a socket on the other. Use the flattened end to pry off the hubcap. Then use the socket to loosen all five lug nuts. Do not remove the lug nuts at this time because it will cause the car to fall. Once you loosen the lug nuts, you will begin lifting the car with the jack. There are only four places on the car where you can put the jack. They are close to the tires, and reinforced to hold the weight of the car. There are pictures and written directions on the side of the jack, telling you where to use it. Find the spot where the jack goes, and determine if the ground will support the weight of your car. If it might not, you will want to stick a board, or another hard object under the jack. This will allow you to jack up the car, even in the softest ground. Once the tire is off the ground about four to five inches, remove the lug nuts, and take the tire off. Take your spare tire, line it up with the lug bolts, and slip it on. Put all five lug nuts back on and tighten them as much as possible. It is easier to put the top ones on first, because this will keep the ire from falling off. Lower the car back to the ground, and remove the jack. Tighten the lug nuts as tight as possible. There is a special way to tighten the lug nuts, if you do not do it this way, your tire may be on the hub crooked. After tightening one lug, go directly across to tighten the next one, be sure to re-tighten all of the lug nuts at least four times. This will make your tire go on the hub perfectly straight. Then, put all of the tools away, and put your flat tire in the trunk. Before you go, read the spare tire to see if there is any speed limitations. Some car manufacturers design their spares to travel only at slow speeds. Check your tire for any specific regulations. If you do not abide by speed limitations, the tire could blow out, causing not only damage to the rim, but also possibly body damage to the car. How to Change a Flat Tire Donna Pierce ENG032 G02 02-21-2013 Illustration Essay First Draft Going back to College As a college student, all my fellow students are worried about what they will do for spring break. I, on the other hand, am trying to figure out what to do with my grandchildren. I have been out of school for 28 years. Being back in college is exciting, but it can also be very stressful too. So many things have changed since I was in school. For instance, the subjects are a lot harder than 28 years ago.For example, the math classes with algebra are nothing like the algebra that I learned back in the day. Also, all of our homework has to be done online. We didn’t really use the internet back then. Furthermore, it’s really nice getting to meet new friends that are my age and older. For instance, we all get together and have study groups to try to help each other out. To sum it up, going back to college at an older age has its advantages and disadvantages.The subjects are different to s ome extent, but I just have to work that much harder to understand and learn the internet better. It’s really nice having friends that you can get together with as a study group to help each other understand and try to accomplish our goals. I feel that going back to school will help me learn that it doesn’t matter how old you are, you still can accomplish your goals in life if you put forth the effort.
Monday, July 29, 2019
Has The Architect Lost His Way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words
Has The Architect Lost His Way - Essay Example This distinguishes it from the applied science of engineering which usually concentrates on the functional and feasibility aspects of a design. Architectural works are also seen as cultural and political symbols and works. Architecture has come to denote the art and discipline of creating an actual, or inferring an implied or apparent plan of any complex object or system. Architecture as a profession is the practice of providing architectural services. The practice of architecture includes the planning, designing and oversight of a building's construction by an architect. Architectural services typically address both feasibility and cost for the builder, as well as function and aesthetics for the user. The role of the architect, although constantly not evolving, has been central to the design and implementation of the environments in which people live. Architects must have the skills and knowledge to design, plan and oversee a diverse range of projects, from a small residence to a la rge stadium. The work of an architect is an interdisciplinary field, drawing upon mathematics, science, art, technology, social sciences, politics and history, and often governed by the architect's personal approach or philosophy.
Sunday, July 28, 2019
Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6
Case Study Example It has become quite difficult for Karen to select or predict the right person for promotion since the performance of all these individuals are fluctuating in nature over the past period and there is also pressure from the upper management to select individuals based on different interests, non-compliance to which may lead severe consequences for the organization in terms of both internal and external aspects. Moreover, another quandary faced by Karen is that she is also emotionally attached to one manager i.e. Carmen whom she would like to promote based on her poor financial grounds. However, on the other hand, promoting either of the other two managers could lead to prove beneficial for her in the distant future. Therefore, Karen is facing a problem in selecting the right manager based on their different attributes such as performance, upper management pressure, emotional attachment and future benefits, all of which is making it very hard for her to select the right manager in an un biased manner and transparently. A prospective candidate for promotion, Carmen, a 34 years old African American having one child, had completed her graduation, in the lower half of the college class studied by her, from Northwest State. Her association with the company had been for four years and she was serving in the industry for eight years. Her performance had been quite average but she had very high energy level. It needs to be noted that she at times faced certain problems in managing her staff and moreover her child had a past history of medical issues, thus a pay hike would be quite accommodating in her case. Karen knew Carmen for a very short time but they seemed to get along very well. Furthermore, Karen once had to perform the role of a baby-sitter for Carmen’s daughter in an emergency scenario. With this concern, promoting Carmen may lead to a view that Karen is playing favoritism (Ashkanasy & Daus, 2002). In this
Saturday, July 27, 2019
Mobile Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Mobile Technology - Research Paper Example The use of these tools has turned to be an informal procedure in the learning process (Milrad, 2006). Mobile learning is very convenient because both learners and their teachers can get access it at any given time. Just like the types of e- learning mobile learning is collaborative, learners and teachers can share information, this leads to receiving of prompt feedback and instructions (Milrad, 2006). This collaboration increases high performance, and it replaces the use of textbooks and notebooks during the teaching and learning process. Furthermore, it is easy to use mobile learning in the learning context (Milrad, 2006). According to Chan et al, (2006), educational institutions are getting laptops and Internet services as a result of improve technological development. Educators need to understand how to work the mobile technologies and incorporate them efficiently during their teaching and learning process. Teachers understand that this process is important in education because it helps facilitate the teaching learning process using the mobile or tablets devices. Most important aspect of these mobile devices is that by using them in the teaching learning process, they tend to improve the general teaching and learning activity in the classroom, as well as instructor feedback after assessment. Mobile devices have intrinsic educational products that improve instructional procedures in the classroom. Using an android system, the students, and their teachers can make use of the Microsoft word document to make, transform, or edit their documents (Milrad, 2006). The Picasa instrument found in tablets can be used to save meaningful pictures for assignments conducted on projects (Milrad, 2006). This mobile technology provides effective teaching and studying by speeding the entire teaching and learning procedure. Mobile devices used in teaching range from digital laptops to use of tablet in the tutorial room to boost the teaching and learning process (Milrad,
Where does the law apply and the legal position in different Term Paper
Where does the law apply and the legal position in different organizations - Term Paper Example Property law deals with acquisition, ownership and disposal of both movable and immovable property. Private law is a branch of the legal system which regulations relationships and duties that individuals owe to each other (Weinrib, 1995). Some of the branches of private law include commercial law that deals with business contracts and other legally binding contracts between individuals. Tort law is another branch of private law that deals with civil wrongs which are independent of contracts such as negligence and defamation committed to other individuals. Family law is another aspect of private law that covers domestic relations like marriage, adoption and divorce (Weinrib, 1995). Labor law is another branch of private law that is interested in solving employment disputes such as collective bargaining agreement issues, dismissals and redundancy. Private law also includes property law that deals with the acquisition and disposal of property such as real estate property and the rights of individuals to the individuals (Weinrib, 1995). Inheritance and succession law deals with inheri tance of property and wills. Private international law is also part of this branch of the legal system and deals with laws governing nationality, immigration, laws on aliens and nationality laws. Private international law is mainly covered by the international treaties that govern the rights of aliens and asylum seekers in other countries (Weinrib, 1995). The person bring the case under private law is known as the claimant while the person being sued is the defendant (Cooke, 2011). Tort Law is the main branch of private law. Tort is a civil wrong, breach of trust or equitable obligation, and it is independent of contract. The remedies for torts are a common law action for unliquidated damages. Torts arise when one person owes duties to another due to operation of law. The main objectives of Tort law are to restore rights of individual
Friday, July 26, 2019
Knowledge and Talent Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Knowledge and Talent Development - Essay Example The effectiveness of employees, as designed in the HR strategies, is a crucial component in achieving positive business outcomes. Every company has a comprehensive and structured set of techniques that an organization adopts in order to improve quality, efficiency, and reliability of their goods and services. These strategies are all geared towards making the organization globally competitive and adhere to the established standards and best business practices. This approach cuts across all departments, employees, suppliers and the clients of the organization. Talent development and knowledge management are geared towards improving the performance of both the employees and organization. According to Garavan Et al (2012), talent developments are activities that ensure the rightful management of the human resources. Talent development in organizations has progressed in line with changes experienced in the world such as globalization, technology, and culture. Talent development leads to efficient systems that result in job satisfaction, effective career growth, increased motivation, and organizational commitment of the employees. As a result, this leads to the creation of a favorable working environment build on trust and relationship where employees are able to make proper and informed judgments. Knowledge and Talent Development According Herzberg’s Hygiene theory on employee motivation, employees experience job contentment when they fulfill career growth and needs (Lunenburg & Ornstein, 2012, p. 16). When employees exhibit a strong desire to be part of a particular organization, they are willing to exert high levels of their efforts on behalf of their organization. Employee satisfaction plays a pivotal function in increasing the productivity of employees. Motivation commits the employees to work passionately in order to gain promotion, new skills, more remuneration, and benefits. The employees of an organization need to be provided with the necessary infor mation, training, mentoring, and coachin
Thursday, July 25, 2019
Does the internationalisation process model explain the Essay
Does the internationalisation process model explain the internationalization strategy of Lenovo In your view what are the succe - Essay Example Outward investment also includes mergers and acquisitions and it is observed that ODI is steadily increasing due to the increasing productivity of the organizations. However, it has been observed that only productive companies can invest in foreign country operation facilities. There is a huge difference in the steadiness and competitiveness of the companies, which results in different productive indigenousness in the host countries. The study will deal with the various outwards opportunities faced by the Chinese organizations in the last two decades from the developing and developed countries. The recent evolution procedure in internationalization process has helped in the significant growth in the outward foreign direct investment. The developed countries are the main source of ODI for the developing economies, which is increasing steadily. It has been observed that China has been the leading source of ODI since the 1990’s and it has also helped in cross border investment fa cilities through the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (Vox, 2008). It has been observed that among all the developing economies, China is one of the highest outward investor and the ratio of outward China has been 17 percent. China earns most of its ODI earnings from its manufacturing operations overseas, joint venture mining activities and also by setting up increasing sales office in the overseas operations (Ning, Lane and Sutherland, 2010). The Uppsala Internationalization Process Model As per authors Johanson & Wiedersheim (1977 cited in Ning, Lane and Sutherland, 2010) the internationalization is an incremental process, which involves no regular export activities, export through independent representatives, production and sales subsidiary. These authors developed a theoretical model regarding the internationalization process model. The internationalization process model focused on the development of the individual business organization and the gradual acquisition, integration of activities and the utilization of the operational facilities for overseas expansion. The basic fundamental aspect of the organization is that lack of understanding of the knowledge, which is an important obstacle in the development of the international operational facilities. These need to be acquired through necessary knowledge about the foreign markets, which can lower the perceived risks and the transaction costs and increase the commitment to the foreign markets (Lou and Tung, 2007).The market knowledge and the commitment will affect both the managerial and commitment decisions. It is assumed in the model that the organization strives to keep the risk taking decisions at lower level. The internationalization model assumes that the state of globalization or internationalization affects the perceived opportunities and the risks, which in turn have the potentiality of influencing the commitment decisions. The model describes the various operational phases especially at the multi s tage level. In the first stage the organization’s engagement in a particular country develops according to the chain; the chain involves established market pattern of a particular company (Sauvant, Maschek and McAllister, 2009). In the second stage, the organization enters the developed economy with a psychic distance (Environment.fi, 2012). Although, there are various restrictions regarding the internationalization model which is consistent among the different actors. These elements between the actors can only be judged an
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Outline Plot from Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Outline Plot from Journal - Essay Example We ended up eating some pizza together because he said he wanted to make up for what he did. It was graduation day and Fitsum was neatly dressed. He waved at me with a bright smile as he held his diploma. It’s been seven months since we’ve first met and now we have been together for four months. Days passed without my knowledge because we were so in love. Fitsum seemed to be the ideal man, the best I could ever have. He introduced me to his parents and his family was lovely. Mom had known Fitsum all along as he usually hanged out at our house every weekend. We promised to communicate as often as we could. Fitsum was taking up Engineering at ---- School while I decided to take up ----. The distance between us was never an issue because we always found time to be together. My friends knew him well as he always escorted me in school activities. Fitsum, as they said, was an ideal guy. I felt proud whenever I heard this comment. Fitsum was still a varsity player in his college. Every girl in school adored him and it sometimes felt awkward for me to see girls flirting with him while he tried to get rid of them. There came a time when I got tired of his popularity and so avoided watching his games. I would see him after the game and that was how we celebrated. Things got complicated because he wanted me to watch all his games, saying I was his inspiration. I made alibis every now and then, which made things complicated. He did the same to me and never showed up when I invited him to our school activities. My friends asked why they did not see Fitsum anymore and I told them he was too busy w ith his games. Deep inside, I was hurting and could feel the end of our relationship. I have not seen Fitsum for two weeks and he did not have any new posts in his Facebook or Twitter account. I missed him so much but did not know what to do. Alas, I decided to
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Petroleum water injection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Petroleum water injection - Essay Example For the formation of this petroleum reservoir worth producing various geological elements are required. These elements include; porous reservoir rock which stores the petroleum, organic rocks which are the source of generating the gas or oil and lastly some kind of traps to prevent leaking away of the oil and gas (Souza at el). Usually these traps are found in predictable areas like next to faults, top of anticlines and under sandstone beds. The traps are of three types; structural, hydrodynamic and stratigraphic traps. Hydrodynamic traps are not common types of trap. They usually caused by water pressure differences that are as a result of water flow which creates a tilt of hydrocarbon water contact. Structural traps are bents and deformed areas beneath the surface that hold oil and gas. Mostly the traps are simple domes or more complicated faults. A fluid, which is water, oil or gas, fills the pores. Gas move to the top as it is the lightest, followed by oil then water stays down. Stratigraphic traps are depositional in nature as they are formed frequently by porous sandstone body or limestone getting enclosed in shale. The oil and gas are kept from getting away by the shale. Petroleum reservoirs are generally located beneath the surface at 1000 to 30000 feet. They vary in size, type and age. They often extend over hundreds of kilometers, plus include a number of oil wells spread out across a big area. Petroleum reservoir formation can be divided into; planktons, algae and protein rich life buried beneath sand layers and mud at source rock this involves sand accumulation, lastly buried reside transfer into liquid hydrocarbons. Topographical characteristics play an important role in the petroleum reservoirs formation. Petroleum reservoirs were discovered in the 19th century when Edwin Laurentine discovered that rock oil produces a distilled product for lanterns he then did the first well drill in 1859.The success of this drill which was close to an oil seep mo tivated further drilling in the same area, which soon led to same explorations in other places. The growing need for petroleum products led to petroleum reservoirs drilling in several states and countries. Petroleum reservoirs can be accidentally discovered, this mostly happens when oil seeps to the surface or it seeps into water supply thereby exposing its presence in that area. In some instances, it is necessary to deliberately explore different regions by the application f geographical and scientific knowledge with the intention of discovering locations A petroleum reservoir may be discovered by accident, as has happened when the oil seeps to the surface or when the oil seeps into water supply, consequently revealing its presence in that location. Other times, it is often necessary to intentionally explore different regions through the application of scientific and geographic knowledge with the view of discovering other places that may contain petroleum reservoir. Petroleum explo ration and production which is the way to get gas and oil is performed by geologists, engineers and geophysicists. Geologists examine areas of the earth where sediments gather together. They then analyze the areas of interest closely to find out whether or not reservoir rocks and source rocks are present in the area. Examination of the rocks is done at the earth surface and drilled wells in the area. Geologists also use satellite images
Monday, July 22, 2019
The Co-Operative Bank IMC Essay Example for Free
The Co-Operative Bank IMC Essay 1.1 The Co-Operative Bank – An Introduction The Co-Operative Bank is New Zealand based and as of 2011, a fully registered bank (New Zealand Herald, 2011). It had a market share of 0.6 to 0.7% when it launched as a Bank and has 128,000 members as of 2014 (KPMG, 2013) The bank’s mission statement or principle activity is to â€Å"provide financial and investment services to its shareholders†, its shareholders being its customers who are all â€Å"owners†of the bank (StopPress, 2014). The owners receive yearly dividends from the bank depending on an algorithm that calculates the value of their association with the bank (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). 1.2 PESTE Analysis Political â€Å"fair play on fees†class action will have effect on how banks are perceived and could have effect on how banks can charge fees to its customers. Some banks are being sued but CO-Operative is not subject to the class action. 1.2.1 Economic -Changes in the credit rating of the bank could have an effect on how customers perceive the quality of the bank. Currently the co-operative bank has a rating of BBB- (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). As this is one of the lowest in New Zealand this will have an effect on how the bank is perceived. 1.2.2 Socio-Cultural Also as there is more importance placed on achieving a tertiary education in New Zealand, the banking sector has a larger market segment of tertiary students. Due to the effects of the 2008 recession and the 99% movement people are increasingly sceptical of banks. Banks must adjust to this factor in order to detract and negative effects. 1.2.3 Technological All major banks in New Zealand have internet banking and mobile apps where customers are able to do their banking. As technology is always changing it is important that banks are continuing to update and make changes to their digital platforms to continue to be competitive in the market. 1.2.4 Environment -Environmental factors do not have a massive impact over the Co-Operative bank however climate change have some effect on the success of New Zealand businesses abilities to save and service loans. Particularly as New Zealand is an agricultural based society and climate change disrupts farming processes. 2 Competitor Analysis In the tertiary banking sector there are 5 main players that the Bank must compete with. Each has their own drawcard however the reality is the base package each bank offers is very similar and in terms of costs, the banks offer students free or relatively free banking See Appendix 1. On top of this each bank differentiates itself by offering extra services that are enticing to the student lifestyle. 2.1 ASB ASB, as well as a relatively free base package, offers students free fries at McDonalds every time they use their card. This â€Å"gimmick†is attractive to students as it means banking with ASB guarantees them food should they run out of money. They also offer students a large overdraft and a txt when funds are running low. 2.2 ANZ ANZ’s tertiary package is perhaps the least â€Å"gimmicky†of the big banks. They offer accessible branches and ATM’s on campus as they are aware a student is often time poor. 2.3 BNZ BNZ’s YouMoney is known to be extremely innovative and in tune with a tertiary audience’s preference for good, simple web design. Their point of difference is an industry leading web application that makes handling finances, something that student have great difficulty doing, every simple. 2.4 Westpac WestPac’s Student Pac, historically, has used gimmicks such as a free $25 upon sign up and a free pizza to engage the tertiary audience to bank with them. In the long term they also offer a â€Å"save and win†scheme that entices students to bank with them to win money on the money they choose to save. 2.5 Kiwibank Kiwibank has perhaps the most comprehensive banking package. Their extra services include software to help manage your money, no commission currency conversion, free use of ANZ ATMs on campus and free txt banking. This shows they are very much in tune with the requirements of being a student in New Zealand which supports Kiwibank’s main draw card of the bank being a New Zealand owned bank. 2.6 Co-Operative Bank The Co-Operative Banks student package is by contrast the least comprehensive. They offer a top interest rate of 5% however their main drawcard, even for students, is still the fact that they are not just New Zealand owned like Kiwibank but owned by the New Zealanders that bank with them. 3 Growth and Maturity of the Industry New Zealand banks have enjoyed strong growth in lending since the 2008 global downturn. Profits however, are down due to â€Å"increasing regulatory pressures and strong competition in the lending market†(KPMG, 2013). 4 Operational Revenue and Profitability At the end of 2013 financial year, the bank recorded profits before rebate at $8m (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). $1m of this was distributed to customers. As at 31st December 2013 operating revenue reached $4.3m (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). 5 Strategic Goals The Co-Operative Bank has an overall strategic focus on â€Å"achieving long-term profitable growth, based on co-operative principles (The Co-Operative Bank, 2013). 6 Target Marketing The Co-Operative Bank targets those in the tertiary segment who are motivated by â€Å"good values†. These students, generally 18-25, will be those who are wary of the other big banks and the values they stand for. They will consist of students who are above the other banks â€Å"gimmicks†and would rather see their money buying some â€Å"goodness†rather than get free fries, for example, from a controversial multinational. They will have a solid â€Å"student†lifestyle with a low income, low outgoings and will generally not have any dependants. 7 Market Positioning The Co-Operative Bank occupies a distinctive position in the market. While its competitors try to outdo each other with clever marketing and competitive rates they are, compared to other industries, barely distinguishable from each other. As shown in Figure 1, the Co-operative Bank occupies a position that is relatively separated from its competitors in terms of perceived cost and on a values based analysis. Figure 1 Positioning of New Zealand Banks This position clearly demonstrates to their target audience that they are set apart from their competitors as an alternative to banking in system where banks are driven by profits for their (often overseas) investors rather than by the values of and profits for their New Zealand owners/customers. Section 2 8 Communication Strategy Since the bank’s rebrand in 2012 the bank has focused its communications on improving low awareness. It is spearheaded by the message â€Å"driven by your prosperity, not our profit†; this focus will help the bank achieve its goal to double its customers within 5 years (StopPress, 2014). The key message the bank wants to convey to its target audience is that it is a values-driven bank that plays fair in a banking landscape that is thought of as the opposite. They use a brand image strategy to convey that although they are able to take calculated risks for the benefit of their customer-owners, they want their audience to know they want their activities to be transparent and â€Å"above the line†. The main symbol used by the bank is the infinity sign that consists of the 2 O’s in Co-Operative Bank, known as the â€Å"prosperity loop†- See figure 2. The loop is conveniently extracted from the banks name and symbolises its goal of creating prosperity, not profit, between the bank and its customer-owners with the benefits flowing between the two entities. This symbol associates potential customers with the brand and its objectives of â€Å"being about mutual benefit and true sustainability. (The Co-Operative Bank, 2014, p. 2) Figure 2- The Prosperity Loop The loop is replicated though all forms of media advertising further insisting to its customers an ongoing sense of mutuality and support. In print media, the loop headline type treatment overlays both the heads of customers or their children and links them to the bank’s message, connecting a potential customer’s emotion to the advertisement. The loop could so be seen to symbolise a thought bubble, further personifying the banks message. See figure 3 Figure 3- Print Advertisement This advertisement takes queues from thought leadership marketing as it shows a young, seemingly wealthy man thinking positively about the banks differentiation strategy. As this man represents a lifestyle students aspire to participate in and the target market can now link him to the Co-Operative bank. In theory, students will be more likely to think positively about, and possibly join the bank. This links back to the banks goal of doubling its customer base in five years and helps the bank on their way to achieve it. Another brand association used is the companies colour palette. The palette is distinctively fresh and focuses on a bright green colour – see figure 4. This associates the brand with being fresh and distinctive as well as with growth. Green is prolific throughout the brands communications and is often shown in a natural context. This is important to the brands image as it reflects on New Zealanders emotions as a â€Å"clean, green†nation and may help the target market to associate with the bank as an extension of their patriotism. Also the mix of the colour green as a symbol of natural growth and money is a reflection of the bank’s views on sustainable banking. Further, it associates this idea to the Co-Operative Bank’s brand and reinforces to tertiary students that their principles will bring â€Å"growth†to their â€Å"money†in a sustainable way. This is particularly relevant to the target market who currently have low incomes but potential to growth their worth in the next few years. For them it means the bank is on their side and wants to work with them to grow their money in a sustainable way. Figure 4- Colour Palette 9 Media Strategy and Appropriation The company, carrying out its awareness strategy for growth, used a broad mix of media mediums including a focus on print but also consisting of a television spot, radio advertising, and limited social media (Facebook, Linked in and YouTube) to target a wide range of possible customers (StopPress, 2014). The campaign is centred on presenting the banks differentiation from other banks as a New Zealand owned bank and the fact it is 100% owned by its customers. Although there was no media directly targeting tertiary students, the Co-Operative Bank’s mix of mediums will have some effect on this target market. Using a universal strategy, as in this case, the bank reaches a large amount of potential customers. It also provides the bank with economies of scale. As a small bank, although not ideal, this strategy is relatively appropriate as, there is limited budget for large scale advertising. The bank has opted to pull resources together rather than loose budget to smaller and perhaps less successful strategies. This is at the cost of targeting specific demographics, such as the tertiary target market, with media strategies tailored to their particular motivations but allows the bank to target all New Zealanders who feel strongly about banking with a New Zealand bank that shares profits with its customers. The content of the advertising draws on emotional strategy and uses a lot of patriotic imagery such as beach scenes, trout fishing, and office and cafe culture. These are scenes of New Zealand culture that rouse patriotism in most New Zealanders and this helps the bank not only reach people who will be interested in how the bank functions due to their patriotism but inform others of the benefits of joining the bank. This is appropriate for the bank as it is harnessing current events (such as the class action against fees and the 2008 global downturn that have caused a cultural shift in New Zealand society in that people are more sceptical of banks) and building on the emotions they feel . It is therefore prudent for the bank to target the majority of society as the majority of society will be motivated by this emotion to join the bank. Section 3 Recommendations and Evaluation 10 Objectives 1.Increase top-of-mind awareness level of the Co-Operative bank within the tertiary market by 50% within the next 12 months 2.Increase knowledge within the tertiary market about the benefit of â€Å"owning†the bank they are banking with by 50% within the next 12 months 3.10% of tertiary market seek information about or interact with the Bank within the next 12 months. 11 Improvements The weakness of the Banks current IMC plan lies in the fact that it has not tailored the plan to target specific groups such as the tertiary market. This suggests that the relationship between The Co-Operative Bank and its tertiary customers is not as connected as it could be. To improve this, the bank does not necessarily have to change its message because as outlined prior, the patriotic and anti-status quo message used by its current offering will appeal to this market and also make the most of the banks industry-relative limited budget. The bank instead should work on making these messages more accessible to the tertiary market in order to improve the communication lines of the banks already strong message. RelationshipReach Include tertiary market specific imagery in print advertising There is a lack of tertiary specific imagery used by creative in the print media. There are a variety of children and young professionals and although some students may see these people as aspirational, they may also feel excluded and therefore disconnected from the banks message as the images are unrelateable to them at their current age. Create an active twitter account that backs up the banks brand image but also feels like it is maintained by a tertiary student. It will post breaking banking news and intelligently debate key players in the banking industry. Create a presence on campus by locating brochures at campus student finance offices Make brochures available that provides step by step financial planning for students that is branded with Co-Operative bank. The brochures will also provide information about the Co-operative’s services. The content will be so effective that campus financial planners will recommend them to students. This will increase student’s knowledge about the bank.Change billboards near tertiary institutions to have very tertiary student age appropriate creative. Add a scene to the television spot that is directly relatable to by a majority of tertiary students. The advert currently has scenes that will appeal to only a select part of the target market i.e office employees and t rout fishers. Adding a tertiary related scene with strong tertiary markers will strengthen the banks relationship with students as they will feel included in their advertising. Promote banks message at campus fairs. Sponsor tertiary events 12 Promotional Mix Recommendations 12.1 Public Relations The bank will start a campaign called â€Å"Community Loop†drawing from the banks logo and its community based values. Tertiary students will be selected to spend a day in the life of community organisations with a particular emphasis on organisations that support the interests of tertiary aged students such as canteen and be followed by a documentary team.. The outcome will be a documentary series posted on Community Loop’s YouTube. These videos will expect to be picked up by local media and be interesting enough for students to want to share on YouTube. 12.2 Personal Selling At campus events, the bank would loan its employees to event to handle the financial aspect of the event and at the same time inform students of the banks offerings- supporting and promoting the banks message that it works within the community in a positive way. For example, at the â€Å"Uni Games†, Co-operative Bank employees in â€Å"community loop†uniform will handle ticket processing at the gate and have the â€Å"community loop†marquee providing shelter for students. Employees will hold conversations with students about the banks offerings and message. Such a presence evokes brand awareness within in the student community and at the same time, shows off the banks tertiary product. 12.3 Sales Promotion The bank stands out among other banks as it does not offer students â€Å"gimmicky†promotions with its package – See appendix 1. There is an opportunity here for the bank to offer a promotion to students that does not seem as lightweight and also gain attention of the students who are likely to switch to the bank because of its message. The promotion will support the banks community centred message and feature a system wherein if you sign up you get a free stationary pack (bio-degradable and from sustainable sources) and a child from a low decile school in the local area also gets a pack. The stationary will feature the banks â€Å"Community Loop†logo. 13 Budget 13.1 Objective-and-Task Method The bank would use an objective and task method to specify the role advertising will play for the Co-operative brand and, the budget has been set accordingly. This method has been chosen as it allows the bank to focus on the objectives based on the needs of the bank and therefore reinforce the bank’s strategy rather than the needs of other factors such as what competitors are doing or how much they can afford. ItemDescriptionEstimated CostTotal Industry specific imageryPhoto Shoot2,000 (aphotoeditor, 2009) 2,000 Poster design500 (Web Designer Forum, 2009) 2,500 Brochures at Campus Financial officeBrochure design500 (Web Designer Forum, 2009) 3,000 Content250 (Done internally)3,250 Distribution250 (PBT Frieght, 2013) 3,500 Tertiary Scene on Television SpotVideo Shoot3,500 (aphotoeditor, 2009) 7,000 Editing500 (Web Designer Forum, 2009) 7,500 Community Loop DocumentaryProduction Team 10,500 (aphotoeditor, 2009) 18,000 Community Loop tertiary eventMarquee1,000 (Ali Baba, 2014) 19,000 Sign writing 250 (Australian Signs, 2014) 19,250 Community Loop Uniforms500 (Ali Baba, 2014) 19,750 Community Loop StationaryStationary7,000 (PBT Frieght, 2013) 26,750 Delivery1,000 (Printing.com, 2013) 27,750 TOTAL27,750 14 Evaluation To understand whether the IMC objectives have been fulfilled and analyse results the Bank can use the following methods; Burke Day after recall testing This is a measure of recognition and recall and will measure objective 1. It measures how well a magazine advertisement has performed in getting people to identify if they recall having seen the advertisement previously and therefore are aware of the bank. The participant will be given the banks name and then a day later asked what they thought of their offerings. The bank will choose tertiary students for the trial and have them perform the task before and after the new IMC plan in order to understand the difference made. Buzzone Tests This is a measure of recognition and recall and will help the bank measure objective 2.This will be carried out with tertiary students and measure their recognition of the television advertisement both before the new IMC plan and post. This test is chosen as the Bank will gain information on how relevant the advertisement is for them and measure how Econometrics Econometrics will be used to show the correlation between members of the target market interacting with the bank and their interaction with the banks promotional material. Models are constructed from past data collected from a survey of tertiary students and future models can be predicted. This will be used to gain measurable information about objective 3. Bibliography Ali Baba. (2014). Ali Baba search: Marquee. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/marquee-tent-prices.html Ali Baba. (2014). Ali Baba Search: Uniforms. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from Ali Baba: http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/uniform.html aphotoeditor. (2009). aphotoeditor. Retrieved 5 12, 2014, from www.aphotoeditor.com: http://www.aphotoeditor.com/2009/08/27/what-to-charge-advertising-photography/ Australian Signs. (2014). Australian Signs Calulator. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from Australian Signs: http://www.australiasigns.com.au/onlinepricing/pricing.htm KPMG. (2013). Financial Institutions Performance Survey. Auckland: Massey University. PBT Frieght. (2013). PBT Fright Costings. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from PBT Frieght: http://www.pbt.co.nz/default.aspx Printing.com. (2013). Printing.com Prices. Retrieved 5 19, 2014, from Printing.com: http://www.printing.com/nz/prices StopPress. (2014). StopPress. Retrieved 05 13, 2014, from http://www.stoppress.co.nz/blog/2013/07/co-operative-bank: http://www.stoppress.co.nz/blog/2013/07/co-operative-bank The Co-Operative Bank. (2014). News Letter. Wellington: The Co-Operative Bank. The Co-Operative Bank. (2013). The Co-Operative Bank Disclosure Statement. Wellington: The Co-Operative Bank. Web Designer Forum. (2009). webdesignerforum. Retrieved 5 20, 2014, from webdesignerforum: http://www.webdesignerforum.co.uk/topic/36794-how-much-to-charge-for-poster-design/
Media and Democracy Essay Example for Free
Media and Democracy Essay In 1990, the Americans faced a situation that badly calls for their attention. An all out war against Saddam Hussein and the country he governs named Iraq was the argument being raised by the Bush Administration to his people. The administration needs the support of the public and it is when they decided to make propagandas that may affect the decisions of the people. While sensationalizing news and even opinions about wars and things connected to these acts, people are drawn closer into being deceived and this news may cause them conflicts in developing their own side of the story. Furthermore, with the use of media, journalism and press releases, a major impact is formed that can affect the opinion of the public or the majority which can somehow be very threatening to the outcome, conclusion or result of the battle and the cause being fought for by both sides. During the Gulf War that lasted from 1990 to 1991, media, propagandas and press releases played a big role in forming the opinion of the people of the United States of America about the suggested war against Iraq proposed by the Bush Administration which resulted to an attack against Saddam Hussein and Iraq in a wider, different picture. Related Literature Before finally opening the discussion about the media censorship during the Gulf War, how about we first talk about the group, people and terms involved in the whole sharing of ideas and construction of a this research. War as the key topic that will connect media, public and the incident together will allow us to understand how important the participation of media during the Gulf War years was to the United States of America and at the same time, how it affected the both Iraq and Kuwait. War Defined A three-letter word that can change the whole story of our entire history, war is more like a problem, a conflict made to destroy not just places but also human lives. It is commonly described as a dangerous act and a conflict that would mostly cause problems and loss of human lives. However, the word â€Å"War†is a term that serves various meanings and uses. It could be a figure of speech which creates an allusion to serious strife, campaigns and even struggles. In so many ways, the word, vague as it is can be is used in identifying a certain issue or incident like â€Å"war on terrorism†, â€Å"class wars†and other occurrences that could definitely be understood easily with the presence of the word â€Å"war†. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary, War is defined as (1)’ a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations’, (2) ‘a period of such armed conflict’, and (3) ‘State of War which corresponds to the art or science of warfare like the weapons, equipment used in war, soldiers and equipped soldiers ready for the war’ . It is also the ‘struggle or the competition between opposing forces or for a particular end’. Although the word is used in many ways, the usual aim of war is to ‘overthrow the enemy’ which ‘does not always imply the complete conquest of the enemy’s country’. Media Defined There had been several definitions of media. People refer to means or medium of communication as media too. Talking in general, it ‘refers to various means of communication’ which stands for ‘television, newspaper and radio’. At the same time, Media is also a ‘collective noun for the press or news reporting agencies’. The same definition of media as a term is also used by Paul Hawken in his book to characterize the word. While this author mentioned the same purpose of media which is to identify the medium and tools used for communication, he also insisted that media ‘is a term that also applies to those people whose profession it is to discover, report and communicate information and news to the public’. Furthermore, we now understand that media is a term used to describe both the medium used in communication and the people who we also call press. They serve as our ears and eyes about what is happening in our surroundings. Through their news, reports and discoveries, we learn from them the truth and the reality. However, the role of media although is very essential in the lives of the people, in the existence of humanity and truth can also be misused and mislead us from the certainties. History of Gulf War It is said that the Gulf War, also referred to as the Second Gulf War is unique compared to other wars happened in the history of this century, probably in the rest of human race account and existence. In so many ways, this war has several features that make it different from other armed conflicts in the whole world. Compared to the Second World War and Vietnam War, there had been several, much more bombs thrown to the enemy country than the amount of explosives used to destroy Vietnam. Also, the treatment of media towards the incident is more intense compared to how they reported their coverage during the World War II and the War in Vietnam. On the second day of August in 1990, Iraq made a move to invade Kuwait. Kuwait, a small democratic country rich in oil and produces the needed amount of the United States of America. This incident of 1990 is not the first in the history of Kuwait. It was the third conflict between Iraq and Kuwait in just one century. The first one was in July 1897 and the second one was in June 1961. Aside from these two, there is also a semi-crisis between the two countries which happened in March 1939. These account of events show that the two countries had been rivals for a long time already and the conflict between them only grows bigger as the years pass by. The Complaints of Iraq According to Suzanne Murdico, there are three complaints that Iraq issued over its neighboring country which is Kuwait. Although some of the complaints of Iraq over Kuwait concerns the past events wherein both countries were involved. One among the several disputes was the money that Iraq borrowed from Kuwait which was used as payment for the Iran-Iraq War. Secondly dispute is concerned with the oil being produced by Kuwait. Since Kuwait, though small country can produce oil that is demanded by the oil market which even angered Saddam Hussein and accused them of producing oil more than the allowed amount as stated by Organization of Petroleum Exporting. The third dispute is about the border between the Iraq and Kuwait territories wherein there is enormous oil. The disputes between Kuwait and Iraq became the same reasons why the latter invaded Kuwait. In June 8, 1991, a victory parade was held in Washington. After almost a year of conflict, the United States of America was able to â€Å"save†Kuwait from Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship. Media Coverage of the Gulf War As Dilip Hiro said in his book â€Å"Desert Shield to Desert Storm†the Gulf War had its share of popularity. Media coverage during the Persian Gulf War or the Second Gulf War can never be compared to the exposure given to World War II and Vietnam War. Censorship Media and People Media and the Gulf War Censorship during the Gulf War Western coverage of the Gulf War Demonizing Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein had been an ally of the United States of America for almost a decade before the former invaded Kuwait, an oil producing country which supplies the U. S. within eight years, Hussein, a dictator was able to kill 150,000 Iranians and around 13,000 Iraqis. There had been complaints coming from international human rights group about these killings but being an ally of both Reagan and Bush, he was not given enough attention for punishment. When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, April Glaspie, Ambassador of the United States of America asked the media to allow the appearance of Hussein in television even for a few minutes. In this case, Hussein will have the chance to explain himself and also Iraq to the public. These words of the Ambassador served as a hint for Hussein that U. S. sympathizes with him and Iraq. He thought that if he will invade Kuwait, U. S. will not see it as a crime. However, the Bush Administration thought that Hussein’s crime is serious and it is not just killing refugees but it threatens the oil supply already. In 1979, Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s new leader took his post and changed the story of their country. A man with sheer desire for wealth and power, Fiske’s Argument Conclusion Incidents happen for a reason. Nothing exists without its motives and everything; all things in life have its purpose. At first we may find it absurd, crazy and foolish but in the end, what happened will be the biggest story we would want to uncover for the truth. War is a very huge word made by people dominating the entire world. While some people and probably most of the people prefer to have peace in the world rather than endless bloodsheds everywhere, others, especially those who have personal biases and some individual agendas over certain things that concern themselves and some other people existing in their world. Although the word is used in different situations and contains diverse meaning, war is still a word that is very dangerous to the innocent ones. In 1990, media and war finally met to destroy innocent lives and at the same time to hate each other. A story of destroying a nation and manipulating the emotions, feelings and opinion of the greater majority, the gulf war of 1990 was one of the tragic stories for the exercise of freedom of speech. In times of war and conflict between two opposing parties, the opinion of the people involved is very important that it may either serve as a better result or it may complicate things more. One of the most helpful tools in telling the truth, probably the mirror of reality is the media. However, Media and War became best of friends in some cases that together, these two may promote a fight worth dying for or may destroy lives of innocent people. Their companionship most of the time does not mean that they do help each other but because with the use of media, one side of the face of the war will win. Persuasion and propagandas helped a lot in promoting the means that the opposing parties were fighting for. In so many ways, media was both a tool in persuading the people of the United States of America to go in the war with Bush towards Saddam Hussein and at the same time was a battered medium of communication, a means that was used to tell a lie and to mandate what the people should feel. Bibliography Atkinson, Rick. Crusade the Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War. Houghton Mifflin Company. 1993 Center for Media and Democracy. Toxic Sludge Is Good For You, Chapter 10: How PR Sold the War in the Persian Gulf. Retrieved January 19, 2009 from http://www. prwatch. org/books/tsigfy10. html Clausewitz, C. , Graham, J. , Natusch, F. , and Willmot, L. On War. Wordsworth Edition. 1997, page 351. Dinstein, Yoram. War, Aggression and Self-defence 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2005, page 3. Hawken, Paul. Blessed Unrest. Viking. 2007, page 267. Hiro, Dilip. Deset Shield to Desert Storm. iUniverse, 2003, page 4 Media. In TechTerms. com, Retrieved January 19, 2009 from http://www. techterms. com/definition/media Murdico, Suzanne J. The Gulf War. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2004, page 11. War. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/war
Sunday, July 21, 2019
The definition of stress and its history
The definition of stress and its history Stress is defined as an organisms complete reaction to environmental demands or pressures. When stress was initially studied in the middle of the twentieth century, the term was used to refer to both the reason and the experienced effects of these pressures. More recently, however, the term stressor has been used for the inspiration that aggravates a stress response. One continuing discrepancy between researchers concerns the definition of stress in humans. Is it principally an external response that can be measured by changes in glandular secretions, skin reactions, and other physical functions, or is it an internal interpretation of, or reaction to, a stressor; or is it both? The meaning of stress depends on the approach that psychologists follow. Straightforwardly, stress just means effort, demand upon energy. Almost everything can create this stress position; a loud noise, a deadline, revision, late transport, or even simply getting up in the morning. However, there are three ways of approaching a definition of stress; Stress can be classified in terms of all individuals reacting in the same biological way, to the same stimulus. This is the stimulus based model, i.e. the stimulus causes the stress but our reaction is identical physiologically. Any awareness of a stress stimulus activates the hosts physiological response. This is general both across time (every time we encounter a stressor) and society. Stress can be defined as reliant upon the persons answer to the stressor. This is a more downbeat way of looking at stress. The individual is portrayed as suffering from stresses, feeling stressed. The individual is seen as having an immature coping mechanism. This internal response may also be down to diverse personality types or cultural influences, but the management of stress is seen as coming from internal change. The most accepted way of viewing and studying stress nowadays, is to use an interactions approach. This means we may all be faced with the same external stressor (stimulus) but the stress response that we display will fall heavily on our individual differences, gender or culture. In simple terms, the phrase exam is the same stimulus, but some characters will be feeling tense and worked regarding this near event, while other will appear more calm and less stress fluctuation. Psychologists try to find out the factor affecting this interaction and stress management depends on the perceived interaction and response. The term stress is conceptualised in many different ways by psychologists. Here are just a few: A state of psychological and physical tension produced, according to the transactional model, when there is a mismatch between the perceived demands of a situation (the stressor[s]) and the individuals perceived ability to cope. The consequent state of tension can be adaptive (eustress) or maladaptive (distress). Brody, R and D Dwyer (2002) Revise Psychology for AS Level, Hove, Psychology Press, p210 In my perception, this explains that stress is regarded as any given situation and an individual own views on this, whether they have set the bar too high or if it is achievable. For example, the situation is running the London Marathon. One person may have been training for many months or even years for this annual run and they feel they can achieve their goal, but another person who has not been training at all may feel confident when signing up, but as the day becomes closer, they begin to realise that the task is almost in-achievable, therefore becoming stressed. The non-specific response of the body to any demand Seyle (1950), in Eysench, M and C Flanagan (2000) Psychology for AS Level, Hove, Psychology Press, p137. This view explains that stress to them means that the body reacts in many ways to every situation given to that individual, no set response is guaranteed for the notable challenge. A pattern of negative physiological states and psychological responses occurring in situations where people perceive threats to their well-being which they may be unable to meet Lazarus Folkman (1984) in Gross, R; R McIlveen and H Coolican (2000) Psychology: A New Introduction for AS Level, London, Hodder Stoughton, p60 This explanation claims that stress is a response from the body which is triggered by a situation which the brain interprets and becomes threatened and overwhelmed. E.g. your first day at a new job. You arrive at your desk, given a long list of jobs needed completing, as its your first day, you dont know what to do so your brain reads this, resulting in the body reacting (shaking, sweating etc). The physical response of stress is all about the rapid mobilisation of energy. Hans Selye is credited with popularising the word stress as it is used today. Selye noticed that animals which were put in sustained stressful conditions all developed the same physical problems such as stomach ulcers, weight loss, abnormal changes in the size of glands (some shrunk, some enlarged), and impaired immune system functioning. Selye (1976) proposed that when exposed to sustained pressure there would be a standard response. He called this the General Adaptation Syndrome and divided it into three phases; Phase one Alarm Reaction. Immediate reactions of the organism to the stressful conditions, similar to Walter Canons (1939) theory of the fight or flight response. Phase two Resistance stage. The animal adapts to the demands of the stressor. However, this adaptation requires adaptation energy and this is gradually used up until the animal can no longer resist the stressor. Phase three Exhaustion. At this stage, the animals resistance to the stressor is so weakened that diseases become apparent. Most of the long-term adverse changes that Selye observed were due to the effects of another hormone involved in the stress response, cortisol. Cortisol has useful short-term effects; including mobilising energy stores and making us feel more alert. However, for various complex reasons, the long-term effects of cortisol are to down-regulate the immune system, disrupt the reproductive system, suppress the inflammatory response and even to damage areas of the brain which affect memory and mood. Joseph V. Brady (1958) trialled on monkeys the consequence of stress within different job roles and personalities. Brady positioned the monkeys in restraining chairs and conditioned each one to initiate a lever. Electric shocks were given every 20 seconds unless the level was actioned in the time span. This study came to an unexpected stop when many of the monkeys passed away from perforated ulcers. To analysis this Brady used a control monkey. He positioned an Executive Monkey in the restraining chair, which could press the lever to put a stop to the electric shock. The other monkeys had no power over the lever, leaving only the Executive monkey with the psychological stress of pushing the required button. The schedule to the electric shocks was six hours on followed by six hours off and after twenty-three days of this, the executive monkey died. Brady then attempted a variety of schedules, but no monkeys died from this. He then returned to the original work schedule of six on, six off and tested the stomachs of the Executives and discovered that their stomach acidity was at its peak during the rest period. The maximum risk materialised when the sympathetic arousal closed and the stomach was filled with digestive hormones. This was a parasympathetic rebound related with the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which began development of ulcers in the Executive monkeys. Throughout all the variations of the experiment, not a single yoked control monkey ever developed an ulcer. This proposes that the ulcers were a symptom of the excessive stress encouraged by having the control over the other monkeys fate. Hans Selyes General Adaptation Syndrome proposes a similar effect in the Exhaustion phase. There were two Whitehall studies, the first investigates the social factors of health, mainly cardio respiratory disease longevity and mortality rates within United Kingdom civil servants aged between twenty-four and sixty-five. The early study, Whitehall I Study, was carried out in 1967 and carried on for over ten years. A second chapter, the Whitehall II Study, inspected the health of 10,308 civil servants aged thirty-five and fifty-five. Only one third of these experimentees were women while the remaining two thirds were men. Whitehall II studied people within the working age. It looked into the links between work, stress and health. Whitehall II discovered organisation at work, climatisation at work, social influences, early life experiences as well as health behaviours all play a factor in determining the health social gradient. As partakers in this investigation resumes through adulthood, the research is concentrating on health inequalities and the aging populations ability to function adequately. With an ever increasing population of senior citizens in the United Kingdom, there is a vital need to establish what causes social inequalities and to study long-term repercussions on an individuals ability to function and have a healthy retirement. The social gradient in health is not so much a spectacle confined solely to the British Civil Service. All the way through the developed world wherever researchers have gained information to investigate, they have witnessed the social gradient in health. Health in equalities are a worldwide matter affecting people across the social gradient in rich, middle income, and poor nations. To have the ability to address inequalities in health it is essential to understand how social organisation affects health also to find ways to develop the state and circumstances in which people work and live. The Whitehall II fields of study in the lowest employments grades did demonstrated a higher chance of having many of the established hazardous factors of coronary heart disease (CHD): an inclination to smoke, lower height-to-weight ratio (higher chance of obesity and diabetes), less leisure time, and higher blood pressure. However, even after amending these factors to a more normal level, the lower employment grades were unfortunately, still at greater chance of a heart attack; another factor was at work. Some have directed the reason of CHD to cortisol, a hormone created by the body as a response to stress. A consequence of cortisol release is a reduction in the immune systems efficacy through lymphocyte manipulation. One theory illuminating the connection between immune-efficiency and CHD is that infectious pathogens such as herpes or Chlamydia are partially to blame for coronary diseases, thus a body with a chronically suppressed immune system will be less able to avert CHD. A substituted option to the cortisol explanation is that self-esteem is a key contributing factor and that the relationship between a professional accolade and self-esteem gives an explanation for the health gradient. The study favouring this observation related low self-esteem in test subjects with a greater decline in heart rate variability and higher heart rates in general-both established CHD risk factors-while acting out stressful tasks. At this current time there is no universally-accepted mode of causality for the occurrence exposed by the Whitehall studies. Clearly stress is associated to a greater risk of CHD, but so are many other unconventional factors. In addition to this, stress seems to be too non-specific. There are various kinds of stress in ones day-to-day life and each kind could contribute in a different way. The theory of Type A and Type B personality is a type of theory that describes a pattern of behaviours that were once regarded to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Since its commencement in the 1950s, the theory has been widely disapproved of for its scientific shortcomings. It nonetheless continues in the form of pop psychology within the general population. Type A individuals can be portrayed as impatient, controlling, concerned about their status, highly competitive, ambitious, aggressive, having difficulty relaxing; and are occasionally detested by individuals with Type B personalities for the way that theyre constantly rushing. They are often impressively achieving workaholics who multitask, drive ones self with deadlines to meet, and are uneasy about delays. Because of these attributes, Type A individuals are often portrayed as stress junkies. Type B individuals, in comparison to type As, are described as patient, relaxed, and easy-going, basically lacking any sense sense of urgency. This can also be illustrated as lazy and lacking ambition. Individuals who live with their parents well into their adulthood are an example. Because of these traits, Type B individuals are often depicted by Type As as apathetic and disengaged. There is also a Type AB mixed profile for people who are not easily categorised or not fit into A or B purely. Meyer Friedman portrayed a suggestion in his 1996 book, Type A Behaviour: Its Diagnosis and Treatment, that Type A behaviour is expressed in three major indicators. One of these symptoms is thought to be concealed and therefore less observable, whereas the other two are more visible; Symptoms of Type A Behaviour Time urgency and impatience, resulting in irritation and exasperation. Free floating resentment, which can be started by even minor events. Ready for action, this made them familiar towards achievement which caused them to be stressed due to them wanting to be the greatest at whatever they may be doing i.e. sports or in work. Type A behaviour was first explained as a likely risk factor in coronary heart disease (CHD) in the 1950s by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and R. H. Rosenman. After a nine-year investigation of healthy men, aged thirty-five to fifty-nine, Friedman Rosenman approximated that the risk of coronary heart disease in Type A individuals is double than that of otherwise healthy individuals. This research had a huge effect in inspiring the development of the field of health psychology, in which psychologists view how a persons mental state affects his or her health in a physical state. Type A/B theory has been put under scrutiny on a number of grounds e.g. statisticians have disputed that the original study by Friedman and Rosenman had serious limitations, comprising of large and unequal sample sizes, and less than one percent of the variance in links explained by Type A personality. Psychometrically, the actions that define the syndrome are not highly associated, indicating that this is a collection of separate tendencies, not a logical pattern or type. Type theories universally have been slated as overly simplistic and incapable of assessing the degrees of variety in human personality. Researchers also found that Type A behaviour is a poor predictor of coronary heart disease. Research by Redford Williams of Duke University, states the unfriendliness component of Type A personality is the pure and simple risk factor thus, it is a high level of conveyed anger and hostility, not the other components of Type A behaviour that constitute the problem. On the basis of these condemnations, Type A theory has been termed outdated by many researchers in contemporary health psychology and personality psychology. To conclude, all three of these theories demonstrate positive relations between situations, theories and stress, however, as stress is an un-defined phrase, not one nor is the other able to give us further insight into how to control the stress illness relationship. The comparison between all three however, is that a combination of cognitive approach along with behavioural approach creates a physiological reaction.
Saturday, July 20, 2019
Technology and the Future of State University :: Technology Education Essays
Technology and the Future of State University In the future, State University will be tremendously affected by technology. Through computers, State University's technology will expand. Every student will own a laptop. There will also be a finger print security system installed, and an honor code will be enforced. Finally, the sports facilities and buildings at State University will be redesigned so that they will be state of the art buildings. We live in a world of electronic writing. In the future, every student enrolled at State University will have to purchase a laptop computer. With this new program, teachers will have to have more education to teach these classes and students will benefit from this better education. The Internet will be available to all students in every classroom. I am already being trained to be knowledgeable of computers. Luckily, this will help me for job interviews. Many classes will not meet in the classroom but rather online in the comfort of each student’s own dorm room. This self-teaching method of the future will interest many high schoolers and cause many positive decisions pertaining to whether or not they will attend college. Birkerts states, â€Å"The fate of the book must be considered side by side with the fate of the electronic chip and screen based technologies†(p.479). Just as he explains, through increases in technology, students will all have access to computerized testing, and this luxury will be more convenient for both teachers and students. Teachers will be able to post tests and daily assignments over the Internet. This will be another luxury for students in the future. These availabilities will allow for grades to be posted via email daily, and this will encourage students to navigate the Internet. Obviously, the promptness of this advancement will benefit the test takers. Getting scores back from taken tests soon after they are checked and graded by the computerized system will enhance each student’s learning experience. This new grading system will not only give the students their grade, but also will list the incorrect answers that each student chose along with the c orrect answer. The accurateness of the grading system dealing with information pertaining to correct and incorrect answers will also benefit the student while he or she prepares for the cumulative exam. Needless to say, the fate of the book and paper copy tests is slowly diminishing.
Friday, July 19, 2019
Fahrenheit 451 and Cautions for Society :: Free Essay Writer
Fahrenheit 451 and Cautions for Society Much of what the future holds are consequences of the events that have already taken place. Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 is a story about a lifestyle in the future that has evolved from our present, but in a seemingly different world. There is no flow of ideas, and the main purpose in a person's life in those days was to relax, not think, and be happy. Despite the seemingly unreality of the world in the future, the author is using it as a cautionary tale of what may become of our society. Bradbury stresses his views on how best to keep our society's system of government checks and balances, technological advances, and its fluidity of ideas. In the futuristic novel, the government orders the burning of all books and makes it illegal to read them. This burning of books in the story also allows more government control over the people by imposing a clamp over the flow of ideas that makes up our advancing society today. In the book, the people are like the puppets on strings in the hands of the government who acts as the puppeteer. The citizens of that time have no will of the their own but must believe what the government tells them. The author attempts to caution that people must accept the differences and ideas of people and embrace them, not use them as fuel and drive them further away. He is also trying to state that man does not consider the consequences of his actions before he acts. The burning of books provides an example of this. By burning books, the government is attempting to limit independent ideas so they can make people "happy." That way, people wouldn't have to be smarter or better looking. In theory, this would stop the competition between human beings and in effect, would make people more content with who they are. Many people accept this cause, and the government makes sure that all rebels are stopped in order to maintain their "perfect" society. By assuring a steady flow of new ideas in our society, there have been many advances in the social, cultural, scientific, and technological field. New medicines and vaccines are constantly and rapidly being discovered. Although these changes may seem beneficial, Fahrenheit 451 provides a counterexample. The four screen TV's in that time hampers the thought process so people only have fun but do not think.
The Use of Polls to Analyze Public Opinion in Politics Essay -- Explor
The Use of Polls to Analyze Public Opinion in Politics Public opinion is defined in the text as â€Å"the distribution of the population’s beliefs about politics and policy issues†(Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry 150). On paper, it sounds so simple; in reality it is much more difficult to determine. The most common method for ascertaining and consolidating public opinion has been through the widespread use of polls. Their popularity has steadily increased over the years. One reason is that they provide an accurate, reliable representation of the opinions of an entire population and supply decision-makers with valuable insight that may be used to determine a future course of action. However, not all polls are created equal. Polls are conducted by various organizations, businesses, corporations and public officials in an effort to determine the public’s stand on issues ranging from the terribly controversial to the completely trivial. Regardless of subject matter, there are basic principles of polling that g reatly affect their quality and reliability. â€Å"Commandment #1†on everyone’s list states the necessity of a randomly selected sample of a population. This ensures that all those whose opinion the poll attempts to represent shall have an exactly equal chance of being interviewed. Telephone interviews conducted on a sample size of 1,000 – 2,000 people called from a list of random, computer-generated phone numbers are all typical components of a good poll. Some of these components can be altered without critically affecting the overall quality of the poll. For example, good polls can be conducted on a sampling as small as 700 – 1,000 people; the decrease in size causes an increase in error margin, but not by much. ... ...n, Princeton, â€Å"How Polls are Conducted†, http://www.gallup.com/poll/faq.asp, pp. 1 – 7. (The Gallup article is a secondary source cited from: Frank Newport, Lydia Saad, and David Moore, Where America Stands, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997). Benjamin Ginsberg, â€Å"Polling and the Transformation of Public Opinion†. Allan Cigler and Burdett Loomis, American Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 1999, pp. 124 – 137. Charles Kenney, â€Å"They’ve Got Your Number†. Allan Cigler and Burdett Loomis, American Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 1999, pp. 114 – 123. Larry Sabato and Glenn Simpson, â€Å"When Push Comes to Poll†. Allan Cigler and Burdett Loomis, American Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 1999, pp. 139 – 145.
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Iago’s ego in “Othello†by William Shakespeare Essay
Sometimes there are people who are so evil and deceitful one can just feel dirty. Listening to them talk, hearing their words, and seeing their actions just makes one’s skin crawl. During the reading and the viewing of Othello it doesn’t take long to get this feeling about Iago. He is such manipulative, self-serving, and dishonest person; making it obvious he would be a man with a personality disorder. A narcissist is one who is only concerned about one’s self, manipulative, and will use anyone to get what they want. There is no doubt that Iago is the destructive villain in this play. Without Iago’s horrible traits and conniving actions this play would be very boring. He has been considered one of the most villainous characters of all time. Being around a person this evil is very frightening, they are able to accomplish so much with their manipulation. In this play there is no time wasted introducing the real characteristics of Iago. We see his self-servin g anger issues from the beginning. Iago is quick to mention his hatred for Othello (1.3.365). Iago’s ego has been hurt by Othello claiming Cassio as his lieutenant and passing up Iago. Iago feels that he has way more experience in battle than Cassio and just pretends to serve Othello until he can get his revenge (1.1.10-40). Iago mentions later that Othello slept with his wife, Emilia: â€Å"And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets he’s done my office†(1.3.366-367). Roderigo is the first person to fall to his deceitful ways. Iago’s craftiness get Rodergio to trust him with his with his money; Rodergio says, â€Å"That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Iago states, â€Å"Put money in thy purse†(1.3.328) so that he might be able to win Desdemona’s love with gifts Iago will buy her. But the dishonest plan is here because he plans on keeping that money for himself. It is amazing to watch how quick and smart Iago can be with the other characters. He is able to quickly take a situation and find a way to use others as pawns to work his plan out. He is words and actions are so manipulative putting thoughts in others heads in order for them to assist him in his master plan.
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
2002 Salt Lake City Olympics
Section II cutting Study II The Salt Lake Organising deputation 2002 Olympics Our analysis of the case say had the undermentioned(a) objectives 1. To focus on the subprogram of the spic-and-span attention in rede featureing the arranging to promise achieverful implementation of the 2002 pass Olympics 2. To localize the practices involved in the dissimilar stages of the nominate life cycle 3. To discover how interrogation and organisation rivet risk and incredulity when proposalning a superstar-time event such(prenominal) as the Olympics.The bribery outrage and how it underpins the duration of events The bribery scandal had a massive impact on the planning of the Olympics as the pecuniary viability of the games depended on the involvement of various stakeholders and their reaction to the scandal could define the last-ditch success of the event, for example The SLC Olympics were origin tout ensembley reckoned at $ 1. 55 billion, as $ 751 million was expect to materialize from sponsorships. At the time, this figure meant that SLOC would sign up sponsors far in overmuchness of what had been done in preliminary overwinter Games.In the wake of the scandal one overdelicate negotiation with health-care giant Johnson & Johnson was broken glowering followed by withdrawals from new(prenominal) sponsors. After the scandal the federal government, which was meant to provide funds for fare and security, pulled back The impact of the scandal on the general public should also be taken into consideration, as deal would be expected to purchase tickets and turn the Games into a economic blood line venture.After the scandal SLOC value the need to separate the tainted committal of the past from its future whence, Mitt Romney was brought in as CEO and Fraser lead as murmur. The challenges were decently identified right from the commencement exercise of their appointment $400 million reckon deficit, knowledge gap, deficiency of relevant have intercourse, impaired organisation, cater operating in silos, young volunteer staff, no operational plan in specify.Effective action plans were implemented in order to tackle the above challenges tiered level of importance expense sorting was introduced, invigorated revenue generating areas were identified, people with solid internationalistic event bed were brought in and meld with those that had no such introductory experience, the organisation was flattened to shorten the outdo in the midst of Romney and tip and some hear operable areas, staff was empowered by top heed to surveil up with get solutions to challenges, an organisational culture was built up to form all staff the ense of gross purpose. Hugely optimistic budget As a result of the scandal, the budget condition to Romney when he joined SLOC reflected millions of revenue dollars incredible to materialize. Due to the alive challenges, the financial dodge became the core forecast strategy. The objective of the new financial strategy was to restore agency by creating a validated budget while keeping the books wide open. The complete governance of managing the examine is therefore, severely squeeze by this strategy. Cash flow rules with embolden from the bottomIn order to cut unnecessary tolls, Bullock categorized all expenses into what he called a tired level of importance. The salmagundi took care of a lot of overheads automatically. Bullock also developed further Romneys idea of identifying new revenue generating areas sponsors were approached to subscribe in as many gaps in the budget as possible for example, SLOC confident(p) Microsoft to develop and host the website as a sponsor. To secure the necessary cuts, Bullock accomplished he had to win the leave of Olympic staffers.Bullock made sure the staff knew the privation of choice scenario behind the strategy of salute cuts, but more importantly he wanted his staff to feel flourishing with the cost cuts philosophy and incorporate it into their own decision making. He let the structural wanglers decide on their own lists of priorities when suggesting cost cuts. In this intellect, the focus of SLOC was to empower its focusing teams to settle up with their own solutions to challenges quite than enforcing decisions using top-down authoritative approach.Restructuring the impaired organization, packing in experienced have it awayrs and mental synthesis organizational culture Along with the discernment of the budget, Romney and Bullock reviewed the inherited organization and observed a number of issues The organization was indisposed structured as the staff operated in silos and some key functions were 2-3 steps onward from Bullock and Romney, when they should have reported at present to one or both of them.The pretend was to flatten the organization by elevating 18 positions to the managing director level, each answerable for overseeing some(prenominal) functions and ve nues and reporting directly to Romney and/or Bullock. in that respect was no transfer of knowledge between Games, although held regularly since 1896. The solution for this was to bring in at least one psyche with prior Olympics experience to work in each functional department. This enabled the little buckram knowledge transfer between Olympics almost of the staff would consist of inexperienced volunteers who demand to be integrated with the few staff who had significant international event experience.As one of the managing directors elaborated people with contrasting line of reasoning histories who cannot be promoted are doing the same hypothecate for a fixed period of time. What therefore sets the Olympics apart from a typical business is the lack of corporate culture, history, and future. To compensate for the lack of experience in running international events of enormous complexity like the Olympics, and to give all staff a frequent purpose, Romney developed a list of 5 core principles, which he and Bullock held as SLOCs guiding principles and which they consistently communicated to all staff to give a sense of common purpose.Developing the operational plan and change by reversal to venue-based attention Although the technological side of the dispatch was on track ( expression the facilities for the Olympics), there was no operational plan in place as to how to run the venues during the game. Matt Lehman was hired as project theatre director responsible for the action plans. A year in the lead the games the management process was changed from functional business to venue responsibility, which meant that the operational plans could be well-tried and validated. Testing of functional plansThe commitment to a defect-free Winter Olympics resulted in the testing of plans prior to the starting of the games, the following verification and validation approaches took place venue testing, gaining insights into major customers experience reviews, op erations simulations, test events, and dress rehearsals. deliberate outcomes The SLOC case think contains many DOs with regard to project management and the role of the project leader. The new management had successfully turned an underbudgeted project into a profitable one. Leadership and the ability to deputise were very well performed by the COO Fraser Bullock and the CEO Mitt Romney.They managed to bring back sponsors and restored confidence at bottom the organization. The success of the programme is based on the following factors Despite the lack of previous relevant experience, the Romney/Bullock tandem perfectly mute that results are turn ined by people at bottom a validated budget. The right people were identified and hired. By securing the budget, restructuring the organization, and empowering the staff to come up with their own solutions to daily challenges the tandem managed to balance the trade offs among cost, time, scope, quality and risks and deliver the Game s. Both possessed the skill sets that allowed them to manage the processes and lead the staff by applying technical and adaptive approaches to solving project challenges. Issues were bely identified right from the start correct remedies were applied to tackle the issues rather than exactly the symptoms. Bullocks previous experience in turning money loosing companies into profitable businesses provided him with a set of skills quite relevant to his SLOC appointment.He had previously done the same financial makeover the Salt Lake City Games needed to other companies, providing him with the confidence that he could enter an strange industry and become conversant with it later a short assessment period. Operational success was ensured by hiring a skipper project music director (Matt Lehman) to overview the creation and execution of the operational plans. Risks were identified and tested 6 months prior to the Olympics the operational plans were tested, amended (if required), and va lidated. SLOC planned, kill and implemented the successful Salt Lake Winter Olympics through following the methodology of concurrent Engineering an integrated approach which defines a project model, divides the project into major systems thence and delivers the project in a undivided phase. Each part or system is entrusted to a team consisting of experts. This approach helped to reduce project delivery times and be despite increased uncertainties, ambiguities, and complexities that surrounded the project. My organization is a functional one and doesnt have a dedicated project management team.Projects are managed within the existing functional hierarchy of the organization. Once management decides on a particular project, the different parts of the project are delegated to the single functional units. The fact that project participants come from different functional backgrounds a lot makes projects effortful to co-ordinate and execute. For this reason projects are often view ed as an additional burden to which functional managers could be reluctant to allocate resources. Ultimately, staff is not truly motivated to enrol as projects are seen as something outside the scope of their usual responsibilities.The SLOC case contain represents a good example of how to constrain a cohesive environment in which a cross-functional team could best employment the creativity and capabilities it can provide. The case study shows that it is not enough just to manage a cross-functional team, it needs a square leader. On another hand, the case study provides an excellent example of how the project manager should be aware when to use the project manager hat versus the technical specialiser hat as ultimately, the project manager should focus on their role as the leader and let the team do by their tasks according to their experience and expertise.The case study demonstrates how the project managers role on the outside should be building support and sponsorship from ke y stakeholders and building trust and creating an environment of open communication within the project team. Projects in my organisation would be more successful if these ideas are collapse incorporated in practice.
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