Crime Is A Crime And Crime - 999 Words

Throughout time when a criminal commits a crime, the immediate response from the public is that they deserve a punishment for their crime. Some of the crimes that offenders act upon range on the spectrum: from a minor crime to a major crime. When an offender commit a minor crime it is known as a misdemeanor and the punishment consists of a year or less in county jail. However, for a serious major crime, offenders are charged with a felony which includes a punishment of a year or more in prison. Additionally, the lowest crime is an infraction, in which an offender violates a law and are punished through fines. Through the punishments received for the crimes committed, it is a way for criminals to pay for their crimes. However, criminals that commit a misdemeanor and felony crimes, even after completing their sentences, never truly atone for their crimes. As mentioned before an infraction (also known as violations) are petty offenses that are punishable by fines, but not jail time(N OLO). These are minor offenses that people commit on a daily basis and they atone for their violation. The usual infraction that people in our society commit are traffic offenses, such as a speeding ticket. For example, let’s say Mary receives a speeding ticket. After Mary and the officer who issued the ticket testify, the judge concludes that Mary was speeding. Mary s punishment is limited to a fine and the addition of a point to her driving record. Since it is something that is not unusual,Show MoreRelatedCrime : Crime And Crime1688 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermined that a crime is committed every second a day. Given the data by the FBI’s crime clock, a violent crime such include murder, robbery, rape and assaults occurs every 23.9 Seconds in the United State. Property crime including burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft every 3.4 seconds a day. 55% of Americans say crime is an extremely or very serious problem in the U.S. Another 38% view the U.S. crime problem as moderately serious, while one in 20 consider it not serious. Crime has increase inRead MoreCrime, Crime And Crime1551 Words   |  7 Pageslarge and dramatic drop in not only its victims of crime but also the amount of crimes that have been reported to the local police, even though this community already has extraordinary low crime states. The crime states in Lowville show a huge fall across all different levels of crime; this includes a 12.2 per cent drop of criminal damage offences and a 12.8 percent drop in drug offences. Moreover, they have also seen a fall in the statistics for crimes such as robbery, this has dropped by 7.5 per centRead MoreCrimes And Crimes Of The Crimes945 Words   |  4 Pages Crimes can be committed by everyone. The brutality of the crimes has increased throughout the years while the age of criminals is younger than prior criminals who committed the same crimes. Innocent lives are often lost in these acts of violence, such as what had happened at Columbine. Children who commit malicious crimes can either be tried as a child or an adult. Children tried in the juvenile courts are able to get out of jail around or before they turn 21. Juvenile courts are meant to rehabilitateRead MoreThe Crime Of Crime And Crime1180 Words   |  5 PagesCrime is everywhere. It dominates news broadcasts and newspapers. It also takes up the majority of television shows and movies. As well as a great deal of fiction novels and books. Controlling and fighting crimes are essential for the safety of citizens. Also the credibility and power of a government are affected greatly by how they handle crime and deal with criminals. When a crime takes place, the part that fascinates peo ple the most is how the offender is captured and brought to justice (NathanRead MoreCrime : Crime And Crime1059 Words   |  5 PagesLarge or small, crime affects us all. Whether it is presented to you on a personal level, or you happened to have heard it one the news while you and your family were enjoying a nice Sunday meal. In the words of Jeff Mariotte â€Å"Crime touches us all† (Mariotte, Jeff P1). This is shown to us in the popular television series Criminal Minds because of the way the producers and show writers portray the act of crimes as well as the accuracy of the crime, the inside look of what is going on in the criminals’Read MoreCrime : Crime And Crime2447 Words   |  10 PagesCrime has always existed in some shape or form. However, the question about how crime much crime exists has always been the source of some discrepancy. Knowing how much crime exists at certain points in time is very important to law enforcement, criminal justice researchers, po liticians and other public officials. Being able to measure the amount of crime allows the creation and tracking of crime trends. This allows those concerned with crime trends to better adjust their tactics or methods inRead MoreCrime : Crime And Crime Essay1878 Words   |  8 PagesCrime is ever present in our society. Unfortunately, crime has become seamlessly woven into our social fabric and structure. Crime creates societal concern, tension and in some cases may cause panic. No society or group is immune to crime and crime will never be totally regulated or controlled. This is because crime has a certain allure to us all. In effect, everyone in any society has the potential to be a criminal not because we are all bad people but because of the temptation that crime can createRead MoreCrime And The Crimes Of Crime Essay1949 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) crime is defined as â€Å"an offence punishable by the State on behalf of the general public whose standards do not permit the offending behaviour.† Whilst countless studies have been conducted over the years surrounding crime and the committing of crimes by individuals’, there has also long been debate surrounding whether or not crime is gendered and if so, to what extent. Over the decades a number of studies have been conducted in order to answerRead MoreThe Crime Of A Crime981 Words   |  4 PagesA Crime To Be Poor? Many people are finding it harder and harder to make ends meet and making less money than ever before. Being poor has now become almost illegal in a country that punishes you for falling victim to poverty. Many are being discriminated for not having a place to call home. City ordinances are making it almost impossible for the homeless to have their needs met. According to Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Is It Now A Crime To Be Poor, If you re laying on a sidewalk, whetherRead MoreCrime Movie : Crime And Crime859 Words   |  4 PagesCrime in film What is on television today? We have lots of different kinds of shows out there these days. We have the shows that are for children like Ant Farm, Jessie, and My Little pony. These shows are safe for children, and they are as some may say safe. Next you have the shows for young adults like Once Upon A Time, Pretty Little Liars, and Digi-mon. Show like this is when producers start to add the violence, fighting, and public display of affection. This is also the age frame that the video

Were The Two Mutually Strange Civilizations - 2287 Words

â€Å"They were the two spearheads of the two mutually strange civilizations, confronting each other for the first time after centuries of separate history.† When the Spaniard’s first set foot into the Aztec Empire in 1519, Cortà ©s and Moctezuma’s confrontation revealed the inherent differences that existed between the two cultures. These two leaders examined each other and came to see that behind the two cultures lied centuries of separate history, and that on this day two alien planets had finally discovered each other. The Spaniard’s main advantages over the the Aztecs have been widely documented by western scholars as relating primarily to their possession of three thing: guns, germs and steel. Most historical narratives describe technologically advanced Spanish conquerors that brought with them from the â€Å"Old World† horses, steel and gunpowder, giving them an important upper hand against the Aztec warriors who bore stone-edge weapons. In addition, most scholars agree that tne of the most destructive factors were the germs that the Aztecs had never been exposed to. However, when the Spaniards came to conquer the Aztec Empire, one of the lesser known advantages that they had was the ability to understand this unfamiliar world. Unlike the Aztec king, Moctezuma, who had never seen Europeans, sailing ships, horses, steel blades, or body armor before, the Spanish conquistador, Cortà ©s, recognized the similarities between the Aztec Empire and his own world based on his experience withShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Louis Stevenson Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Louis Stevenson In the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson makes the reader question the extent to which Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are in fact a single character. Until the end of the novel, the two personas seem nothing alike-the well-liked, respectable doctor and the hideous, depraved Hyde are almost opposite in type and personality. Stevenson uses this marked contrast to make his point: every human Read MoreCounter-Cultures and Advertising1268 Words   |  5 Pagescounter-culture can throw to these literatures, offering contemporary contexts for the comprehension of terms for example power and resistance (Holt 326). This adds to the query of the way in which counter-culture may be contextualized or framed. Two strategies can be found. The first is always to determine the effectiveness of a frame that has previously been designed as a way for arranging the maze of various definitions and information of counter-culture. On the other hand, one may attempt toRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Friedrich Nietzsches Beyond Good And Evil1528 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Beyond Good and Evil†, Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher and philologist critiques the secular and religious moralities as having similar origins. In the beginning of â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil†, Nietzsche says that if the world was â€Å"to refrain mutually from injury, from violence, from exploitation, and put ones will on a par with that of others†, it would result in somewhat of a sense in good conduct between people, if the conditions necessary to do so are given. Nietzsche explains that theseRead MoreFilmmaki ng As A Weapon Against War1961 Words   |  8 PagesUnited States, has culminated in the 1960s, when both superpowers were largely involved in the competition in the Third World. The tensions’ climax came with the Vietnam War, where communist North Vietnam, supported by the Soviet Union, fought against Southern Vietnam and its ally, the United States. For a country with a population of forty million people, three million casualties (half civilian deaths) brought by the war with America were unprecedented. Out of half a million U.S. Army personnel involvedRead MoreAl Gore Nobel Lecture2830 Words   |  12 Pageswith whom it is the greatest honor of my life to share this award have laid before us a choice between two different futures – a choice that to my ears echoes the words of an ancient prophet: Life or death, blessings or curses. Therefore, choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live. We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency – a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful newsRead MoreBook Review of The Chrysalids Essays2947 Words   |  12 Pagesparanoid and highly dogmatic society without being discovered and banished or killed. I really loved this book. Unfortunately, I later found out that it is the follow up to a trilogy. It was still a good representative to the previous two. The story presumably takes place in Labrador, Canada as Newf is the island nearby. After the apocolypse comes as Tribulation the scattered pockets of humans work hard to uphold Gods own image. However, nobody knows what this imageRead MoreFilm, Paris, Burning, By Jennie Livingston, Director Of The 1990 Documentary Film2760 Words   |  12 Pagesembodying women through physical appearances and gendered behaviors, traces back to Ancient Rome and â€Å"classical Chinese theatre,† where women were prohibited from performing on stage. In Native American culture, cross-dressing â€Å"berdaches† - individuals, usually males, who assumed the gender identity and were granted the social status of the opposite sex – were revered for their ability to view the world through a hybrid perspective constituted of both genders (Summers). There are a myriad of casesRead MoreCommunication Is Vital For The World We Live2105 Words   |  9 Pagesare many ways to communicate whether as in: verbal speaking, this is where language’s come in, thousands of different languages, the way we fluctuate our voices and the tone used as well all makes up for verbal communication. Symbols and signs are two major signals that make up verbal communication. Words act as symbols, and signs are secondary products of the underlying message and include things like tone of voice, blushing and facial expressions. There is also nonverbal communication which includeRead More Commerce, Politics and the City in A Room of Ones Own and Mrs. Dalloway2185 Words   |  9 Pagesovercoat; it was also bringing a taxi-cab; and it brought all three together at a point directly beneath my window; where the taxi stopped; and the girl and the young man stopped; and they got into the taxi; and the cab glided off as if it were swept on by the current elsewhere. (A Room of Ones Own 100)    Virginia Woolf - the version of her that narrates the events of A Room of Ones Own - observes the above urban scene from her window. In a pattern that sheRead MoreAnalysis of South Africa Through Two Films: Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, and Totsi2894 Words   |  12 Pageswas with his imprisonment that the second part of his life began. Mandela served his time at Robben Island, just off the coast of Cape Town. Life at Robben Island was rough; the living conditions were poor and hard work was demanded at all times. However unfortunate life and living conditions were at Robben Island, Mandela came out of the other side alive and well. The importance of this period of Mandela’s life lies not in the fact that he was sentenced to life in prison. In an act of surprise

Developmental Psychology Children And Adults Change Over...

According to (simplypsychology.org), developmental psychology is â€Å"a scientific approach which aims to explain how children and adults change over time†. This theory mainly focuses on an individual’s childhood with a direct concentration on the earliest stages of when the child is developing into an adult as this is seen to be the most valued stages of development. However it is now understood to be a lifelong process. There are a number of prominent theories from different psychologists that support much of the existing thinking in developmental psychology. Jean Piaget, who is thoroughly known among developmental psychologists, was interested in understanding the form of adaptation relating to the environment. He suggested that children†¦show more content†¦They found that Piaget’s experiment design caused issues for the children to give correct answers. They criticised Piaget’s underestimation of language acquisition and ability of memory skills in young children. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development outlined how a child’s ability to think develops through a number of different stages as they mature. Piaget believed that these stages were maturational which means development is genetic and unaffected by environmental factors. However, Samuel and Bryant advocate a cognitive approach to child development. Samuel and Bryant’s experiment showed that children under five were capable of more sophisticated thought than Piaget claimed. Samuel and Bryant argue that Piaget s theory of cognitive development places too much emphasis on maturational factors. Using a cognitive approach they believe that children learn new strategies and skills. Samuel and Bryant also criticise Piaget for emphasising how children learn as individuals. Samuel and Bryant argue that children do not learn in isolation and that they learn far more readily and efficiently when they are working together than when they are alone. Despite this the Samuel and Bryant experiment did demonstrate two findings which support Piaget. Firstly, they found that older children did do considerably better than younger children on the conservation tasks. 8 year olds did better than 7 year olds, who did better than 6 year olds, and so on, perhaps supporting

Research Paper on Video Game Violence - 1483 Words

Kendal Hill Mrs. Van Fleet Block 3 10 December 2011 Video games and Violent Behavior True or False: Violent videogames cause children to become more aggressive. Sorry, that was a trick question. Despite much bandying of statistics and loud talking by critics on both sides of the argument, the real answer is that there is no real answer—at least not one that’s been proved scientifically (Zipp). Video games are an appealing target for a public figure in search of a crusade. Movies and music have energetic advocates, but it’s hard to find anyone who will defend games for their artistic value, or even on the grounds of freedom of expression. Usually the strongest argument made for games is that they are harmless fun (Koffler).†¦show more content†¦That may be because videogames are such an important part of socializing for that age, Kutner and Olson say, that these boys are, by definition, â€Å"abnormal† (Zipp). However, Kutner and Olson are careful to point out that their study does not prove causali ty: It may be that more aggressive children are drawn to more violent videogames and not that the games themselves are to blame. Researchers just don’t know yet (Zipp). Kutner and Olson also say that playing the games with your child is an excellent idea, for many reasons. For one, 12-year-olds love being able to trounce their parents at something. For another, parent and child will be able to have meaningful conversation while playing whether about videogames or not. (Children at that age find it much easier to talk to parents if they aren’t facing them.) And if a parent finds something that concerns them in a game, a child may listen more thoughtfully than if the parent just issues a blanket refusal to allow future playing, Olson says. † But for those parents who simply won’t let their children have video games at home, Olson says â€Å"total denial doesn’t work,† there’s a good chance the child will just find somewhere else to play them.† Here again Kutner points out there is no proof of causality (Zipp). One of the major factors keeping violence in video games is the fact that it would be considered unconstitutional. States however continuously try to make laws that restrictShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Behavior of Adolescents and Young People792 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Violent Video Games Introduction The debate about violent video games and whether or not those games influence the behavior of young people in particular, young boys has been going on for many years. There is no doubt that video games are very popular among pre-adolescents and adolescents. In fact, recent research in the New Hampshire Business Review (June, 2012) shows that 42% of the 300 boys that participated in a survey indicated they would rather play video games than play sports with otherRead MoreViolent Video Games Do Not Cause Violence And Aggression1527 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Video Games Over the past few years, the United States has seen violence that has come from the inside of the country. Various high schools, have had shootings inside of them from some of the high school students that go to that specific school. Some experts blame the shootings by categorizing the students as someone who has been tormented and bullied basically most of life, while other experts believe the shootings were caused by the violence in video games. There has been a lot of nation-wideRead MoreEssay on Video Games and Violence1481 Words   |  6 Pages Gun violence in the past years throughout the United States had been increased rapid. Examples of this are Virginia Tech incident, the shooting of congresswomen from Arizona Gabby Gifford, The Sandy Hook Shooting, etc. Most of these violence incidents had one thing in common and that is each of the suspect had psychological issues there were facing and they didn’t have support the system most of us have. Another fact is that most of the suspects were nonsocial individual who spend of their timeRead MoreVideo Games Call Of Duty881 Words   |  4 Pagesplay violent video games. Many people often assume that these intense games have a direct correlation to becoming a violent person. While many people agree with this, the research is not 100% accurate. This makes it very hard to find proof that a violent video game is one of the leading causes of a violent person. We are often blaming these games for a more internal complex problem. One of the leading video games Call Of Duty focuses on killing people in order to win the game. This game has over 40Read More Negative Effects of Violent Video Games on Teenagers Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages Video games have been available to consumers for the last 30 years. They are a unique form of entertainment, because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Todays sophisticated video games require players to pay constant attention to the game, rather than passively watching a movie. My working thesis is â€Å" Although there are other factors that can lead to violent behaviors such as inner stress, playing violent video games are one of the main factors that can lead to violentRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography - 5905 Words   |  4 PagesA. et al (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Retrieved October 4, 2010, from pdfcast.org: http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-effects-of-violent -video-game-habits-on-adolescent-hostility-aggressive-behaviors-and-school-performance Dr Douglas A. Gentile is a researcher who studies the effects of media on children and adults, may it be positive or negative. He has a Media Research Lab at Iowa State University where he conductsRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior?1383 Words   |  6 Pages Do Violent Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior? Samantha Remesz Saginaw Valley State University Abstract This paper explores violent video games and their affects on people’s behavior and emotions. An experimental study was done by Smith, Lachlan, and Tamborini and is investigated further. The researchers wanted to examine people’s behavior after playing violent video games as well as nonviolent video games and compare the differences of the two. The study observes boys and girlsRead MoreSynopsis Of Storytelling Games 1720 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: Storytelling in games gives the gamers the opportunity to be involved in the game, experience the characters, stimulate feelings like fear and excitement and let the player know they make situations happen and the choices they make affect the outcome as well as motivate them to continue on. Background: After reading parts of The Storytelling Animal, it was clear that storytelling is in everything. As an avid videogame player it was evident that many of the games that people play, like BattlefieldRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Violent Video Games Essays1274 Words   |  6 Pagesethical questions arise because of cloning and stem cell research, the education of society in addition with the advancement in technology have allowed these negative advancements to be achieved. This being said, it can be proven that advancements come with positive and negative effects. The video games of twenty-five years ago have evolved into something different and in some cases something dark. Research has shown in many cases that video games have negative effects such as: increased aggressiveRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1613 Words   |  7 Pagesthey think about video games? Most people think of fun they have while playing. Or it could be the cost of the new game or the device to go with it. It could also be the violence a game offers or the rating given to the game. Many people play and enjoy video games today, people don’t necessarily have to play video games at home anymore either. Games can be downloaded to devices such as cell phones or tablets that can be taken on the go. When taking a step back to look at the games that are played

Paintball Essay Summary Example For Students

Paintball Essay Summary Paintball! A fast-paced, adrenaline pumping, game paintball is a world renowned sport and is growing popularity faster than several other top sports. Paintball is non-contact, making it very safe when played right. According to the Sports Data Inc. surveys, paintball has the lowest injury rate of ANY sport, at only . 31 injuries per 1000 participants. Paintball is viewed several different ways by people that have not experienced it for themselves. A lot of people think paintball is only for gun crazy maniacs. Well that is an incorrect statement, mainly because paintball guns are not guns at all. The definition of gun is, Any weapon that discharges shot, shells, or other bullet by the explosion of gun powder or some other explosive from a strait tube. Paintball markers operate in a VERY different way. Paintballs are propelled out of the barrel by air, not any type of explosive, and paintball markers are NOT weapons. No one has ever got killed by a paintball marker from getting shot. Even without a mask on. Although eye injuries have been reported, this is due to the fact that an unsafe game was played. Most likely someone decided that they were superman and took off their goggles in the middle of a game and no ref was there to stop him. All goggles worn during paintball should and are approved by the government and you are not supposed to shoot above a speed of 300 feet per second. Yes, paintball leaves welts, but most people can stand them. The pain of a paintball welt is surely not any worse than getting tackled by a 200 lbs football player. If safety is what people are worrying about, why do we have football, wrestling, or basketball? They are all in the top ten for highest injury rates. Paintball is also growing in popularity, games for paintball are getting released and selling way better than the majority of other games. The most popular of any paintball game is called Greg Hastings Tournament Paintball and is exactly the type of paintball that we would like to play at the school, speedball. Speedball is a game of paintball played on a paintball field that is exactly symmetrical to through the middle, a speedball field is usually about 100 feet long and 40 feet wide and the bunkers are usually made of a durable and flexible plastic that holds air, most commonly called air bunkers. The rules for paintball should be heavily enforced and heavy consequences should result if the rules are not followed. Another question several people ask is, Well, not everyone has enough money to paintball and my answer is, Youre right, unless you stop watching TV and do something good for someone else, then you arent going to be able to play. The paintball program I think should be ran like this; Money will be collected from members for field trips and such. Money will be requested IF NEEDED each year from the student government. The group of participants can also organize fundraising activities. Paintball is not a play everyday sport either. It would probably be once a week or once every other week. The average income for a FREQUENT paintball player is $48,200. So I am sure this would be achievable by us if we worked hard enough at it. All in all, paintball is a perfect school sport with its, fun, safe and popular attributes. It would be a great contribution to the school and would most likely result in higher grades, due to the fact that people that participate in a sport, do better in school.

Leading the Engaged Enterprise-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Questions: 1.What is Ambidexterity Employment Engagement. 2.The Distributed Leadership Model Identify Sensemaking, Relating, Visioning Inventing. 3.Williams Typology of Adaptive challenges Identify which adaptive challenge in this Case why? Answers: 1.Ambidexterity and Employment engagement Organizational ambidexterity refers to the ability of an organization to be efficient in todays business as well as adapting and coping up with the future changing demands. Moreover, ambidextrous organizations are highly capable of exploiting the existing competencies, while simultaneously exploiting new business opportunities for the business. While considering the case of Volkswagen, it can be seen that the organization is highly capable of using its superior engineers and technologists for making luxurious and comfortable cars. Moreover, the organization is capable enough to beat the top automakers of the world like General Motors and Toyota. Furthermore, the organization is also intended to manufacture environment friendly cars powered by diesel engine. In this way, the organization would the future environmental protection needs of the world. Therefore, Volkswagen can be considered as an ambidextrous organization in car making industry. Employee engagement is mostly based on the trust, integrity and two way commitments between employers and the employees, which ensures that the employees are treated in a right manner within their workplace. While considering the case of Volkswagen, it can be said that there is lack of employee engagement in their workplace. Moreover, the employees are not provided with enough empowerment for doing their jobs. Therefore, such employees were not highly engaged in their workplace. 2.Distributed Leadership Model Distributed leadership model gives more emphasis on engagement of the employees with their task rather than any specific characteristics of the leaders. Such leadership assists in spreading the decision making abilities throughout the team. The four capabilities of distributed leadership like sense-making, relating, visioning and inventing can be perfectly applied on the case of Volkswagen leadership. In sense-making capability, the distributed leaders make sense of the world and create change maps for adapting the changing business environment of the world. Such leaders mostly work in collaboration with the employees for maintaining flexibility in the work. However, Ferdinand Pich, the chairman of Volkswagen, was highly authoritative in his leadership style. The employees were to follow strict orders of the leaders for doing their jobs rather than working in collaborative manner. In this way, the employees were discouraged to find their creative opportunities in their organization. In relating capability, the distributed leaders maintain open communication with the employees in the workplace. They reinforce a sense of urgency among the employees so that they become engaged with their job roles. However, Pich of Volkswagen was not at all open to his communication with the employees. Moreover, in the meetings also, the leader used to remain silent without interacting with the employees. Therefore, such leadership and working culture used to underestimate the opinion of the employees. It mostly used to disengage the employees with their job roles. Furthermore, in visioning capability, the distributed leaders are highly capable of creating a compelling vision of future. It is capability of the leaders to create a big picture of the organization, which could be achieved in future. In case of Volkswagen, Pich was capable of creating compelling vision, but lack of communication used to prevent him in communicating that vision with the employees. In such way, the emplo yees were unclear about the exact organizational goals and objectives. It used to prevent them from aligning their effort with organizational goals and objectives. On the other hand, in inventing, an effective distributive leader invents the future of his organization. Such leaders allow new development structures and give the employees permission towards breaking the convention. In case of Volkswagen, Pich was an effective leader for inventing the future and break the convention for leading organizational ambidexterity. However, in this organization, employee failure was not allowed. Hence, the employees were not encouraged to learn and try new things from their failure. It used to prevent their inventing power at their workplace. 3.Williams Typology of Adaptive Challenges As per Williams Typology of adaptive challenges, there are six types of adaptive challenges, which an organization can face in its business process. These six types of adaptive challenges are like crisis, development, creative, transition, maintenance and activist. While considering the case of Volkswagen, it can be said that the organization is facing Creative adaptive challenge in this case. In Creative adaptive challenge, developing existing capacities often not suffice the issues. Therefore, organizations need to explore new terrain and build capacities from the scratch. The organization used BlueTec technology for reducing such gases from the car engine. However, in USA, the emission rate of nitrogen oxides was still high as per their emission standard. In such situation, the organization started to usedefeat software, which was capable of detecting the testing mechanism and it used to reduce the production of nitrogen oxides automatically during tasting time. Such cheating mech anism had been revealed quickly to the public, which caused an organizational scandal. Such issue cannot be sufficed with existing capacities and the organization needs to build their capacities from their scratch for manufacturing cars with new technology for reducing carbon emission. Furthermore, the organization also faced the Transition adaptive challenge, as the existing resources need to be moved to a new phase operationally for reducing the carbon emission in the cars. Apart from that, Volkswagen also faced activist challenge, as the management board did not take seriously this issues and it ultimately hampered the corporate reputation.